Seafaring A Cornerstone of Viking Culture

Marine: A Cornerstone of Viking Culture Innovative advances have consistently assumed significant jobs in the improvement of societies. From fighting to horticulture, innovation can help shape and form the manner in which a culture creates. The Viking longships were one such development. The effect of the innovation associated with making these brilliant boats is obvious in the leftovers of Viking society. Development, fighting and verse were just a portion of the numerous features of Viking life influenced via nautical. The Vikings were maybe the best of every single early wayfarer. The structure of the longships took into consideration route in the shallow fjords found inside Sweden and Norway out to the sea. From that point, the Vikings had the option to connect over the globe. Not at all like earlier developments, for example, the Greeks, the Vikings utilized their innovation to connect with other European nations and even into Asia. While the Greeks focused their maritime endeavors in the region of fighting, in spite of the fact that there is proof of broad travel in such fills in as The Odyssey, the Vikings had the option to set up beneficial exchange courses which thusly lead to the foundation of key exchange ports, for example, Hedeby and Ribe. These first exchange habitats filled the Viking economy and were basic in the advancement of Viking society. Be that as it may, the development made conceivable by the longships was not only a device for exchange but rather likewise took into account t he colonization of Iceland and Greenland by Viking pilgrims. Once more, the! tough and all around created Viking vessels had the option to deal with such long excursions profound into the obscure Atlantic Ocean. This kind of sweeping travel was incredible before the Vikings and was not coordinated until nearly after 500 years during the pinnacle of European investigation. Colonization, be that as it may, was not one of the significant objectives of the Vikings. Assaulting and plundering were more typical errands than sweeping worldwide development. Both, in any case, ...

Different educational systems

Goals of HRP: †¢To enroll and hold the human asset of required amount and quality. †¢To anticipate the effect of innovation on work, existing representatives and future human asset necessities, addressing the requirements of the projects of development, broadening and to assess the expense of HR. †¢To improve the guidelines, aptitudes, information, capacity, discipline and so forth. †¢To survey the overflow or deficiency of HR and take gauges in like manner in this manner limiting the unevenness. †¢To keep up amiable mechanical connection by keeping up ideal level and structure of HR. Procedure of Human Resource Planning: 1. Breaking down Corporate Level Strategies: †Human Resource Planning starts with investigating corporate level procedures which incorporate extension, broadening, mergers, acquisitions, decrease in activities, innovation to be utilized, strategy for creation and so on. 2. Request anticipating: †Forecasting the general human asset prerequisite as per the authoritative plans is one of the key parts of interest determining. Estimating of nature of HR like abilities, information, qualities and capacities required notwithstanding amount of HR is done. 3. Breaking down Human Resource Supply: †Every association has two wellsprings of gracefully of Human Resources: Internal and External. Inside, HR can be acquired for specific posts through advancements and moves. When the future interior gracefully is evaluated through human asset review, flexibly of outer HR is broke down. 4. Assessing labor holes: †Manpower holes are distinguished by contrasting interest and gracefully figures. Such correlation will uncover either shortfall or excess of Human Resources later on. Workers evaluated to be insufficient can be prepared while representatives with higher, better abilities might be given more enhanced employments. 5. Activity Planning: †Once the labor holes are distinguished, plans are set up to connect these holes by redeployment of surplus labor. Individuals might be convinced to stop deliberately or conserved. Shortage can be met through enrollment, determination, move and advancement. Considering deficiency of certain gifted representatives, the association needs to take care of enlistment as well as maintenance of existing workers. 6. Changing authoritative plans: †If future flexibly of HR from all the sources is assessed to be lacking or not exactly the necessity, the association ought to think about adjustments or alterations in the hierarchical plans.

The Play King Lear Essay Example For Students

The Play King Lear Essay Lord Lear depends on appearance and reality. The two dads in the principle plot and the subplot manage kids who bamboozle by appearances. Lear is taken by bogus words and appearances similarly as Gloucester seems to be. Add to this few characters in the play have all the earmarks of being somebody however they end up being others, for example, Edgar camouflaged as a poor person and Kent masked as a hireling. What concerns the simpleton, he seems, by all accounts, to be silly however as a general rule he is insightful. Goneril and Regan are the embodiment of lip service. Goneril misrepresents, by attempting to delude her dad and state that her affection is lacking contrasted with his. The expression An adoration that makes breath poor and discourse incapable demonstrate it. She attempts to cause her adoration to appear to be precious. Then again, Regan is no less. Regan reveals to her dad that her own pleasure lies exclusively in the delight in his adoration. The sisters love is an unfortunate obligation. We will compose a custom exposition on The Play King Lear explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Reality lies behind appearance when Goneril and Regan comment about their dad toward the finish of the scene on the ailment old enough. They grumble about Lears rash judgment and unexplainable conduct and they are worried that they will get a similar treatment of Codelia thus they settle that they, must accomplish something, and Ith heat. Appearance and reality affect King Lear. Goneril is weary of her dad as she denounces him that because of his character the knights are acting in a heinous manner, and proposes that disciplinary measures must be taken. Lear is stunned as he answers her, Are you our girl?. Lear fakes it, as a methods for communicating his shock and awe and these are indications of frenzy. The expressions, Does any here know me? This isn't Lear/Does Lear walk this? Talk this Where are his eyes? shows a King Lear who is getting frail in his detects. He reviles Goneril and says that he despite everything has one kind and agreeable little girl left to go to (Regan), yet she ends up being made of a similar stuff. She instructs him to diminish the knights yet for Lear, they are an image of status. The lord assaults and reviles his girl to bring forth an unpleasant youngster that will torment her as his own jerk way of life as a ruler. The man is utilized to sweet talk and her lack of appreciation is harming him. For Lear Kent in the stocks is an affront. At the point when Kent reveals to Lear that Your child and girl in reference to the ones that put him there, Lear will not accept that Cornwall and Regan are liable for his hirelings disgrace. Lear will not see reality. Lear is generally worried about his own psychological state as he fears he is getting crazy with distress. He is influenced genuinely as though his little girls are assaulting him for within. Lear is stunned when he finds that Regan sides with her sister as she discloses to him that on the off chance that she checks his knights there are valid justifications. Regan advises Lear to follow Goneril with half of his knights and afterward he can come in her home. From each one of those expanded discourses, Lear anticipates benevolence and regard however Goneril doesn't need, not in any case the fifty knights. The expression, I gave all of you said by Lear shows biterness as it is a reality that hits him hard. For the many, Cordelia may seem, by all accounts, to be chilly, impolite, as though she needs to challenge her dad as she neglects to satisfy him since she will not partake in what one can say, an adoration challenge. She says she has nothing to state as she lets him know, What will Cordelia talk cherish and be quiet. In any case, in actuality she is the embodiment of a caring little girl and one can secure this, in light of the fact that the lord of France says that he takes her since she is a lady of honesty. But her dad has ousted her from the realm, Cordelia is extremely dismal when she read the letters, portraying Lears treatment because of her sisters. One can see that blessed water tumbled from her magnificent eyes as she deplored Lears situation. Cordelia shows that her affection is to an end when she sends her troopers to look for Lear, who is as yet meandering outside as she feels sorry for and feels for him. She shows a profound veritable worry for her dad. Equivalent to E dgar, she helps the parent who dismissed her so wantonly. In act four scene seven, Cordelia gives a valiant effort to reestablish her dad to mental soundness as she thinks about him through adoration. Cordelia is feeling frustrated about her dad. She guides her identifies towards him. At the point when her dad discloses to her that in the event that she has any toxic substance he will drink I,t she answers, No reason, no reason with respect to Cordelia, there is no motivation behind why she shouldnt deal with her dad, on the grounds that Cordelia in all actuality is a lady of standards and trustworthiness. .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc , .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .postImageUrl , .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc , .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:hover , .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:visited , .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:active { border:0!important; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:active , .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4227b43f6e0e675360653c6c518db4bc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Drama play survey EssayOne can draw up a parallelism between the primary plot and the subplot on what concerns appearance and reality. Gloucester is taken by bogus words and appearances, similarly as Lear seems to be. In the two plots the blameless and adorable kid is pushed off and the dad guarantees his properties to the disgraceful youngsters, as a byproduct of a demonstration of love. The abhorrent kids make progress. Since Edmund is the knave child, he has no rights on the terrains. Like Goneril and Regan, Edmund is prepared to guard his own advantages as he is set up to do anything seen from the expression, If Ill not take it with birth, Ill take the land by with. He composes a letter which is as far as anyone knows from Edgar where there is composed that Edgar looks for his Gloucesters life. He imagines he doesnt need to show to his dad, what he composed. With his dad, Edmund acts in a route and with his sibling in another manner. For Gloucester, Edgar shows up the reprobate however his this is amusing since Edmund is the lowlife. He shows dazzle trust in Edmund much that he consents to let Edmund find reality on his siblings sentiments. Just, Gloucester places himself in his children power. Edmund professes to be worried about family respects, attempts to show how faithful he is, the point at which he uses such words as equity to the reason. Various incongruities are seen for example, when Cor nwall tells Edmund, I hear you have demonstrated your dad a kid like office and when he says Nature of this trust we will require yet this is amusing as he isn't reliable. In act two scene one Gloucester acclaims Edmund as a devoted and characteristic kid and this shows he acknowledges Edmund as his lone real kid. Edmund doesn't just focus on Edgars legacy yet thus to his dads title. We see that appearance lies behind reality when in act three scene five, Edmund betrays his dad. He doesn't show to Cornwall that he loathes his dad yet he needs to demonstrate to Cornwall, that he is faithful to the nation and simultaneously dedicated to his blood. Edmund betrays his parent, his own fragile living creature and blood. Cornwall is given the letter which contains the data about the French intrusion as Edmund demonstrates his dad he is a covert operative of France. It as a result of Edmund that Cornwall plans to rebuff Gloucester for his bad form. He claims to be heartbroken that he has found his dad yet he trusts he will discover his dad with Lear to make Cornwall considerably progressively dubious. The idea of appearance and reality can be talked about from Edgars perspective as he camouflages himself as a distraught homeless person, Poor Tom. Edgars mask influences the ruler and the plot. At the point when Edgar shows up as Poor Tom, Lear is persuaded that brutal little girls more likely than not decreased this sad man to beggary. Edgar needs to put forth a valiant effort to be persuading as a lunatic. In Lears eyes Edgar is the unaccommodated man as he considers Edgar to be a poor, exposed, forked creature. Lear feels that is just somebody like poor Tom who has nothing pointless (well beyond) that can train him on the essenti

Personal injury claims - Free Essay Example

Part 1: BACKGROUND FACTS: In July 2008, Janice Long [JL] instigated personal injury [PI] proceedings against her employer, Business Solutions PLC [BSP], for a back injury which she sustained at its premises in December 2006. JL is claiming for  £30,000 in compensation. JL has followed the Pre-Action Protocol for Personal Injury Claims. BSP submitted its defence in August 2008, and made JL a Part 36 settlement offer of  £10,000 on 15th August 2008. JL has refused this offer and has failed to make a counter-offer. JL has indicated that she wants matters to proceed to Court, and is unprepared to engage further in pre-trial settlement negotiations. THE PROBLEM: How likely is it that the Court will make a costs order in favour of JL, if she is awarded more than  £10,000? How would this position change if the amount awarded is only slightly greater than  £10,000? How would this position change if the amount awarded is  £10,000, i.e. the same value as the Part 36 offer made by BSP? LEGAL ISSUES: What costs protection, if any, does a Part 36 offer provide to a defendant where the final award granted by the Court exceeds the equivalent value of that settlement offer? What costs protection, if any, does a Part 36 offer provide to a defendant where the final award granted by the Court exceeds the equivalent value of that settlement offer, but only by a small amount? What costs protection, if any, does a Part 36 offer provide to a defendant where the final award granted by the Court is equivalent to the value of that settlement offer? LAW AND APPLICATION: In regard to JL being granted a costs award if the judgement significantly exceeds BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer: Rule 36.14 CPR provides that where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"judgment against the defendant is at least as advantageous to the claimant as the proposals contained in a claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [36.14(1)(b) CPR], then, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the court will, unless it considers it unjust to do so, order that the claimant is entitled to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"(a) interest on the whole or part of any sum of money (excluding interest) awarded at a rate not exceeding 10% above base rate for some or all of the period starting with the date on which the relevant period expired;(b) his costs on the indemnity basis from the date on which the relevant period expired; and(c) interest on those costs at a rate not exceeding 10% above base rate.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [36.14(3) CPR]. In light of the fact that JL was totally unwilling to renegotiate settlement, even though B SP invited her to make a counter-offer over  £10,000, it is possible that the Court would not grant a costs award, deeming it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unjust to do soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in accordance with 36.14(3), supra. In regard to JL being granted a costs award if the judgement exceeds BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer, but only by a small amount: In the recent case of Lisa Carver v BAA Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 412 it was held that, in assessing whether or not a judgement is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"more advantageousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ than a Part 36 offer, a Court is obliged to take into account all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the case. This means that the assessment will not be made on monetary value alone. For example, in this case, Ward LJ held that the difference (between the judgement and the Part 36 offer) of  £51.00 was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"was more than offset by the irrecoverable costs incurred by the claimant in continuing to contest the case for as long as she didà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In regard to JL being granted a costs award if the judgement is equal to BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer, rule 36.14(a) and 36.14(2) CPR is likely to operate to allow the defendant to recover his costs from JL: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"[Where] a claimant fails to obtain a judgment more advantageous than a defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer the court will, unless it considers it unjust to do so, order that the defendant is entitled to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"(a) his costs from the date on which the relevant period expired; and(b) interest on those costs.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ CONCLUSIONS If the Court makes a judgement significantly greater than  £10,000, while JL would ordinarily be entitled to be granted a costs award, it is possible that no award would be granted, because of her unwillingness to engage in pre-trial negotiation. If the Court makes a judgement only slightly greater than  £10,000, the chances of JL being granted a costs award are even slimmer; not only might the court deem it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unjustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to grant such an award, but it may also consider the award to be of no greater value than the Part 36 offer, taking into account all the facts of the case, in accordance with the case of Lisa Carver v BAA Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 412. If the Court makes a judgement of less than  £10,000, then JL will not be granted a costs order. In fact, it is highly likely that a costs order will be granted against her, in favour of BSP. SEARCH PLAN (a) Problem: Employee [JL] making a claim for PI against her employer [BSP]. She wants to ensure she is protected against costs. (b) Facts: JL rejected BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 Offer. JL refuses to renegotiate despite being invited to make a counter-offer by BSP. (c) Issues: Whether JLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conduct will prejudice her right to claim costs if (a) judgement is significantly greater than BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer; or, (b) judgement is only slightly greater than BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer. (d)(i) Keyword: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Part 36 Offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Æ’Â   Source: Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Æ’Â   Findings: The Civil Procedure Rules 1998, Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 3132 L.17. (ii) Keywords: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Cost implications of Part 36 Offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Refusal of Part 36 Offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Æ’Â   Source: West Law Æ’Â   Findings: Lisa Carver v BAA Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 412. Part 2: BACKGROUND FACTS: Govinder Singh [GS] is taking legal action against his former business partner, Grant Hadley [GH]. GS is being represented on a pro bono basis by a firm of solicitors. THE PROBLEM: If GS is successful in his claim against GH, is it possible that a costs award would be granted in his favour against GH to remunerate the solicitors who were acting for GS? LEGAL ISSUES: Is a solicitor action on behalf of his client on a pro bono basis entitled to recover his costs if his client wins the case? LAW AND APPLICATION: Part 8 of the Legal Services Act 2007 Miscellaneous Provisions about Lawyers -contains clause 194, which allows for a costs order to be granted against any party by the Court, in cases where a solicitor was representing his client on a pro bono basis, those costs being given to a charity of the solicitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choosing. CONCLUSIONS Costs cannot be recovered by GSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitor, regardless of the outcome of the case. SEARCH PLAN (a) Problem: Solicitor working for GS, free of charge, in a defamation claim against GH. (b) Facts: Solicitor has asked to be advised on whether or not a costs award will be granted in favour of GS if he wins his case. (c) Issues: Can a pro bono solicitor ever recover his costs from a successful litigation? (d)(i) Keyword: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Pro Bonoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Æ’Â   Source: Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Æ’Â   Findings: The Legal Services Act 2007, s194.

A Poison Tree Analysis Essay - 977 Words

Running head: Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) Jayne Courtney Kendall Brandman University Abstract This analysis is going to explore each segment to better understand the meaning the author was trying to express and the lessons that we in these words that transcends through all ages. The exploration and analysis will look further in to what we can take away from this writing and lesson we can learn in order for our soul’s growth. Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) is a story that relates to all eras and addresses the pain that we as humans can impose on one another and the hurt and guilt that hinders our†¦show more content†¦pain, torment and suffering and it was here that the ownership and accountability is expressed in the writing, â€Å"And he knew that it was mine† (Blake, 1794, Line 12). In the last stanza Blake leaves the reader their interpretation of how this ends. He creates a scene of the enemy confronting him and this scene is to take place at night which conceals the ability to see clearly as stated in this line, â€Å"When the night had veiled the pole;† (Blake, 1794, Line 14). Then the poem goes on to mention that the morning is welcomed which leads to interpret relief from what the darkness gave. Then Blake (1794) writes â€Å"In the morning glad I see/ My Foe outstretched beneath the tree.† (Line 14-15) The poem ends with the enemy dead from the poison of the tree and the author writes this as if with happiness. Blake’s poem tells the story of an argument from its beginning to the end. Along the way it allows for understanding of opportunities of repairing the relationship. Creating a journey from when the conflict arises to when it ends in death. An enlighten poem of consequences that encourages everyone who reads it to address the problem from the start before it is too late. References William, B. (1794). A Poison Tree Barker, E. 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All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Elements of Literature—Stories Read MoreGame Theory Introduction17342 Words   |  70 PagesSolution Concepts Summary Exercises C H A P T E R 6 An Application: Cournot Duopoly 6.1 Background 6.2 The Basic Model 6.3 Cournot Nash Equilibrium 6.4 Cartel Solution 6.5 case study Contents xi 6.6 Variants on the Main Theme I: A Graphical Analysis 6.6.1 The IEDS Solution to the Cournot Model 6.7 Variants on the Main Theme II: Stackelberg Model 6.8 Variants on the Main Theme III: Generalization Summary Exercises 82 84 85 86 87 88 C H A P T E R 7 An Application: The Commons Problem

The American Revolution Of 1776 - 1022 Words

The southerners felt that it was a glorious destiny to be freed from the Union just as their forefathers had wanted to be free from England, the southerners were inspired by the American Revolution of 1776. The Confederacy was now a country, it was the southerners country; â€Å"they felt a sense of duty to this country that had called on them to defend its very existence† (McPherson, p, 11). In the minds of the southerners they would rather be subjugated rather than enslaved by Yankee rule, the southerners boasted with confidence and patriotism â€Å"the concepts of southern nationalism, liberty, self-government, resistance to tyranny, and other ideological purposes quoted earlier all have a rather abstract quality† (McPherson, p, 18).†¦show more content†¦It almost seemed like most of the southerners became pathological. A letter written by a northerner to his wife stated how different the reasons for fighting were between the northerners and the southerners: â€Å"They are fighting from different motives from us. We are fighting for the Union†¦ a high and noble sentiment, but after all a sentiment. They are fighting for independence and are animated by passion and hatred against invaders†¦ It makes no difference whether the cause is just or not. You can get up an amount of enthusiasm that nothing else will excite† (McPherson, p, 19). The southerners would do anything in their power to fight for their country and their freedom, they would rather die than to let go of what they were fighting for, the thought of being a part of the Union again was never going to happen in the minds of the Confederates. Slavery was very much an integral part of the southern agricultural economy which made it very important to them with that being said the southerners thought that was what this war was about for the northerners, they thought that President Lincoln and all of his northern followers were fighting in this war for the cause of abolition when it was in fact to fight for unity and liberty. The northerners did think that slavery should be abolished, but that was not all they fought for, however after winning the Civil War the northerners did achieve not only the unity of the nation but also the emancipation of

Dr.Abdul Kalam free essay sample

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam born on 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram, in Tamil Nadu, , specialized in Aero Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. Before his term as Indias president, he worked as an aeronautical engineer with DRDO and ISRO. He is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on development of ballistic missile and space rocket technology. [5]. In India he is highly respected as a scientist and as an engineer. Kalam played a pivotal organisational, technical and political role in Indias Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. He is a professor at Anna University (Chennai) and adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India. With the death of R. Venkataraman on January 27, 2009, Kalam became the only surviving former President of India. Political views APJ Abdul Kalam views on certain issues have been espoused by him in his book India 2020 where he strongly advocates an action plan to develop India into a knowledge superpower and into a developed nation by the year 2020. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr.Abdul Kalam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kalam is credited with the view that India ought to take a more assertive stance in international relations; he regards his work on Indias nuclear weapons program as a way to assert Indias place as a future superpower. Kalam continues to take an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology as well. He has proposed a research programme for developing bio-implants. He is a supporter of Open source software over proprietary solutions and believes that the use of open source software on a large scale will bring more people the benefits of information technology.. Kalams belief in the power of science to resolve societys problems and his views of these problems as a result of inefficient distribution of resources is modernistic. He also sees science and technology as ideology-free areas and emphasises the cultivation of scientific temper and entrepreneurial drive. In this, he finds a lot of support among Indias new business leaders like the founders of Infosys and Wipro, (leading Indian IT corporations) who began their careers as technology professionals much in the same way Kalam did. Personal life Kalams father was a devout Muslim, who owned boats which he rented out to local fishermen and was a good friend of Hindu religious leaders and the school teachers at Rameshwaram. APJ Abdul Kalam mentions in his biography that to support his studies, he started his career as a newspaper vendor. This was also told in the book, A Boy and His Dream: Three Stories from the Childhood of Abdul Kalam by Vinita Krishna. The house Kalam was born in can still be found on the Mosque street in Rameshwaram, and his brothers curio shop abuts it. This has become a point-of-call for tourists who seek out the place. Kalam grew up in an intimate relationship with nature, and he says in Wings of Fire that he never could imagine that water could be so powerful a destroying force as that he witnessed when he was thirty three. That was in 1964 when a cyclonic storm swept away the Pamban bridge and a trainload of passengers with it and also Kalams native village, Dhanushkodi. He is a scholar of Thirukkural; in most of his speeches, he quotes at least one kural. Kalam has written several inspirational books, most notably his autobiography Wings of Fire, aimed at motivating Indian youth. Another of his books, Guiding Souls: Dialogues on the Purpose of Life reveals his spiritual side. He has written poems in Tamil as well. It has been reported that there is considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him. Kalam has also patronised grassroots innovations. He is closely associated with the Honey Bee Network and The National innovation Foundation. The NIF is a body of Government of India and operates from Ahmadabad, Gujrat. He respects all religions, including Sikhism and Hinduism. He is a vegetarian and a teetotaller. Kalam as an engineer Abdul Kalam graduated from Madras Institute of Technology majoring in Aeronautical Engineering. As the Project Director, he was heavily involved in the development of Indias first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). As Chief Executive of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), he also played a major part in developing many missiles of India including Agni and Prithvi. Although the entire project has been criticised for being overrun and mismanaged[10]. He was the Chief Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Department of Defence Research Development from July 1992 to December 1999. Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period, led by him. He is one of those scientists who aims at putting technology created by him to multiple use. He used the light weight carbon-compound material designed for Agni to make callipers for the polio affected. This carbon composite material reduced the weight of the calipers to 400 grams (from its original weight of 4kgs. Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS, Hyderabad) was the birthplace for the defence technology spin offs from Kalams labs via the DRDL (Defence Research and Development Laboratory), DMRL (Defence Metallurgical Research Lab) and the RCI (Research Centre Imarat). Addressing a conference at Athens, Greece, Kalam told that Seeing the children run with lighter callipers brought tears to the eyes of their parents. That was the real moment of bliss for me. Honours On Wednesday April 29, 2009, he became the first Asian to be bestowed the Hoover Medal, Americas top engineering prize, for his outstanding contribution to public service. Kalam has received honorary doctorates from as many as thirty universities, including the Carnegie Mellon University and the Nanyang Technological University of Singapore. The Government of India has honoured him with the nations highest civilian honours: the Padma Bhushan in 1981; Padma Vibhushan in 1990; and the Bharat Ratna in 1997 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Indian government.. Kalam is the Third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna before being elected to the highest office, the other two being Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Zakir Hussain. He is also the first scientist and first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhavan. Kalam has been chosen to receive prestigious 2008 Hoover Medal for his outstanding public service. The citation said that he is being recognised for making state-of-the-art healthcare available to the common man at affordable prices, bringing quality medical care to rural areas by establishing a link between doctors and technocrats, using spin-offs of defence technology to create state-of-the-art medical equipment and launching tele-medicine projects connecting remote rural-based hospitals to the super-specialty hospital. A pre eminent scientist, a gifted engineer, and a true visionary, he is also a humble humanitarian in every sense of the word, it added. Books and documentaries Oct 15, 1931 : Born at Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram district,Tamil Nadu. His father had to rent boats to pay his school fees. He studied at the Schwartz High School in Ramanathapuram. 1954-58 : After graduating in science from St. Josephs College in Tiruchi, he enrolled for Aeronautical Engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology in 1954. 1958 Kalam joined the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) and served as a senior scientific assistant, heading a small team that developed a prototype hovercraft. But the project, never took off. 1962 : Following the lukewarm response to his hovercraft program, Kalam moved out of DRDO and joined Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) 1963-82 : Kalam joined the satellite launch vehicle team at Thumba, near Trivandram and soon became Project Director for SLV-3. 1980 : Rohini put into orbit in the month of July 1981 : Kalam honoured with the Padma Bhushan 1982 : Kalam returns to DRDO as its Director. Takes charge of Indias integrated guided missile development program. The program envisaged the launch of five major missiles. 1992 : Kalam takes over as the Scientific Advisor to Union Defence Minister. 1997 : Kalam honoured with Bharat Ratna, indias highest civilian award. May 11, 1998 : Adorning a Gorkha hat in the Rajasthan deserts, he orchestrated Indias underground nuclear tests. The scientist from a small hamlet in Tamil Nadu who had dreamt of India as a nuclear power many years ago had finally achieved it! 2002 : Kalam takes over as the President of India. WINGS OF FIRE by Dr. Â  I have three visions for India. In 3000 years of our history, people from all over the world have come and invaded us, captured our lands conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours. Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way oflife on them. Why? Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my first vision is that of FREEDOM. I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war of independence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and built on. If we are not free, no one will respect us. My second vision for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developing nation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are among top 5 nations of the world in terms of GDP. We have 10 percent growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are falling, our achievements are being globally recognized today. Yet we lack the self-confidence to see ourselves as a developed nation, self reliant and self assured. Isnt this right? I have third vision. The India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand. My good fortune was to have worked with three great minds. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai of the Dept. of space, Professor Satish Dhawan, who succeeded him, and Dr. Brahm Prakash, father of nuclear material. I was lucky to have worked with all three of them closely and consider this the great opportunity of my life. I see four milestones in my career: ONE : Twenty years I spent in ISRO. I was given the opportunity to be the project director for Indias first satellite launch vehicle, SLV3. The one thatlaunched Rohini. These years played a very important role in my life of a Scientist. TWO : After my ISRO years, i joined DRDO and got a chance to be the part of Indias guided missile program. It was my second bliss when Agni met its mission requirements in 1994. THREE : The Dept. of Atomic Energy and DRDO had this tremendous partnership in the recent nuclear tests, on May 11 and 13. This was the third bliss. The joy of participating with my team in these nuclear tests and proving to the world that India can make it. That we are no longer a developing nation but one of them. It made me feel very proud as an Indian. The fact that we have now developed for Agni a re-entry structure, for which we have developed this new material. A Very light material called carbon-carbon. FOUR : One day an orthopaedic surgeon from Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences visited my laboratory. He lifted the material and found it so light that he took me to his hospital and showed me his patients. There were these little girls and boys with heavy metallic calipers weighing over three Kgs. each, dragging their feet around. He said to me: Please remove the pain of my patients. In three weeks, we made these Floor reaction Orthosis 300 gram calipers and took them to the orthopaedic center. The children didnt believe their eyes. From dragging around a three kg. load on their legs, they could now move around! Their parents had tears in their eyes. That was my fourth bliss! Why is the media here so negative? Why are we in India so embarrassedto recognize our own strengths, our achievements? We are such a great nation. We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. Why? We are the second largest producer of wheat in the world. We are the second largest producers of rice. We are the first in milk production. We are number one in Remote sensing satellites. Look at Dr. Sudarshan, he has transferred the tribal village into a self-sustaining, self driving unit. There are millions of such achievements but our media is only obsessed with the bad news and failures and disasters. I was in Tel Aviv once and I was reading the Israeli newspaper. It was the day after a lot of attacks and bombardments and deaths had taken place. The Hamas had struck. But the front page of the newspaper had the picture of a Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert land into an orchid and a granary. It was his inspiring picture that everyone woke up to. The gory details of killings, bombardments,deaths, were inside in the newspaper, buried among other news. In India we only read about death, sickness,terrorism, crime. Why are we so negative? Another question: Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with Foreign things? we want foreign TVs, we want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology. Why this obsession with everything imported? Do we not realize that self-respect comes with self-reliance? I was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal in life is: She replied: I want to live in a developed India. For her, for you, we will have to built this developed India. You must proclaim. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. * Wings of Fire: An Autobiography of APJ Abdul Kalam by A. P. J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; by K. Bhushan, G. Katyal; A. P. H. Pub. Corp, 2002. * Scientist to President by Abdul A. P. J. Kalam; Gyan Publishing House, 2003. * Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Penguin Books, 2003. * India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; Penguin Books India, 2003. * India-my-dream by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Excel Books, 2004. * Envisioning an Empowered Nation: Technology for Societal Transformation by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; TATA McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2004. * Guiding Souls: Dialogues on the Purpose of Life by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Arun K Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2005. * Children Ask Kalam by A. P. J Abdul Kalam; Pearson Education, ISBN 81-7758-245-3 Biographies * Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam by S. Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002. * President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam by R. K. Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002. * A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K. Bhushan, G. Katyal; A. P. H. Pub. Corp, 2002. * A little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008. [14] * The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P. M. Nair; Harper Collins, 2008. Attributed Quotes * All Gods creatures are His family; and he is the most beloved of God who tries to do most good to Gods creatures. God has not promised Skies always blue, Flower-strewn pathways All our life through; God has not promised Sun without rain, Joy without sorrow, Peace without pain. * I will not be presumptuous enough to say that my life can be a role model for anybody; but some poor child living in an obscure place in an underprivileged social setting may find a little solace in the way my destiny has been shaped. It could perhaps help such children liberate themselves from the bondage of their illusory backwardness and hopelessness? * Thinking is progress. Non-thinking is stagnation of the individual, organisation and the country. Thinking leads to action. Knowledge without action is useless and irrelevant. Knowledge with action, converts adversity into prosperity. * Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across in your life. * What actions are most excellent? To gladden the heart of a human being, to feed the hungry, to help the afflicted to lighten the sorrow of the sorrowful and to remove the wrongs of injured. * When you speak, speak the truth; perform when you promise; discharge your trust?. Withhold your hands from striking, and from taking that which is unlawful and bad? * Whenever you face problems or are in the middle of them just think— What has happened, has happened for the good. What is happening is happening for the good. And what will happen will also happen for the good Speech by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, I have three visions for India. In 3000 years of our history people from all over the world have come and invaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Turks, the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours. Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them. Why? Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my first vision is that of FREEDOM. I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war of independence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. If we are not free, no one will respect us. My second vision for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developing nation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are among top 5 nations of the world in terms of GDP. We have 10 percent growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are falling. Our achievements are being globally recognized today. Yet we lack the self-confidence to see ourselves as a developed nation, self-reliant and self-assured. Isnt this incorrect? I have a THIRD vision. India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand. My good fortune was to have worked with three great minds. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai of the Dept. of space, Professor Satish Dhawan, who succeeded him and Dr. Brahm Prakash, father of nuclear material. I was lucky to have worked with all three of them closely and consider this the great opportunity of my life. I see four milestones in my career: ONE: Twenty years I spent in ISRO. I was given the opportunity to be the project director for Indias first satellitelaunch vehicle, SLV3. The one that launched Rohini. These years played a very important role in my life of Scientist. TWO: After my ISRO years, I joined DRDO and got a chance to be the part of Indias missile program. It was my second bliss when Agni met its mission requirements in 1994. THREE: The Dept. of Atomic Energy and DRDO had this tremendous partnership in the recent nuclear tests, on May 11 and 13. This was the third bliss. The joy of participating with my team in these nuclear tests and proving to the world that India can make it, that we are no longer a developing nation but one of them. It made me feel very proud as an Indian. The fact that we have now developed for Agni a re-entry structure, for which we have developed This new material. A Very light material called carbon-carbon. FOUR: One day an orthopedic surgeon from Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences visited my laboratory. He lifted the material and found it so light that he took me to his hospital and showed me his patients. There were these little girls and boys with heavy metallic calipers weighing over three kg. each, dragging their feet around. He said to me: Please remove the pain of my patients. In three weeks, we made these Floor reaction Orthosis 300 gram calipers and took them to the orthopedic centre. The children didnt believe their eyes. From dragging around a three kg. load on their legs, they could now move around! Their parents had tears in their eyes. That was my fourth bliss! Why is the media here so negative? Why are we in India so embarrassed to recognize our own strengths, our achievements? We are such a great nation. We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. Why? We are the first in milk production. We are number one in Remote sensing satellites. We are the second largest producer of wheat. We are the second largest producer of rice. Look at Dr. Sudarshan, he has transferred the tribal village into a self-sustaining, self-driving unit. There are millions of such achievements but our media is only obsessed in the bad news and failures and disasters. I was in Tel Aviv once and I was reading the Israeli newspaper. It was the day after a lot of attacks and bombardments and deaths had taken place. The Hamas had struck. But the front page of the newspaper had the pictureof a Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert land into an orchid and a granary. It was this inspiring picture that everyone woke up to. The gory details of killings, bombardments, deaths, were inside in the newspaper, buried among other news. In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime. Why are we so NEGATIVE? Another question: Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign things? We want foreign TVs, we want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology. Why this obsession with everything imported. Do we not realize that self-respect comes with self-reliance? I was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal in life is: She replied: I want to live in a developed India. For her, you and I will have to build this developed India. You must proclaim. India is not an under-developed nation; it is a highly developed nation. Allow me to come back with vengeance. Got 10 minutes for your country? YOU say that our government is inefficient. YOU say that our laws are too old. YOU say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage. YOU say that the phones dont work, the railways are a joke, the airline is the worst in the world, mails never reach their destination. YOU say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits. YOU say, say and say. What do YOU do about it? Take a person on his way to Singapore. Give him a name YOURS. Give him a face YOURS. YOU walk out of the airport and you are at your International best. In Singapore you dont throw cigarette butts on the roads or eat in the stores. YOU are as proud of their Underground Links as they are. You pay $5 (approx. Rs. 60) to drive through Orchard Road (equivalent of Mahim Causeway or Pedder Road) between 5 PM and 8 PM. YOU comeback to the parking lot to punch your parking ticket if you have over stayed in a restaurant or a shopping mall irrespective of your status identity. In Singapore you dont say anything, DO YOU? YOU wouldnt dare to eat in public during Ramadan, in Dubai. YOU would not dare to go out without your head covered in Jeddah. YOU would not dare to buy an employee of the telephone exchange in London at 10 pounds (Rs. 650) a month to, see to it that my STD and ISD calls are billed to someone else. YOU would not dare to speed beyond 55 mph (88 kph) in Washington and then tell the traffic cop, Jaanta hai sala main kaun hoon (Do you know who I am? ). I am so and sos son. Take your two bucks and get lost. YOU wouldnt chuck an empty coconut shell anywhere other than the garbage pail on the beaches in Australia and New Zealand. Why dont YOU spit Paan on the streets of Tokyo? Why dont YOU use examination jockeys or buy fake certificates in Boston? We are still talking of the same YOU. YOU who can respect and conform to a foreign system in other countries but cannot in your own. You who will throw papers and cigarettes on the road the moment you touch Indian ground. If you can be an involved and appreciative citizen in an alien country why cannot you be the same here in India. Once in an interview, the famous Ex-municipal commissioner of Bombay Mr. Tinaikar had a point to make. Rich peoples dogs are walked on the streets to leave their affluent droppings all over the place, he said. And then the same people turn around to criticize and blame the authorities for inefficiency and dirty pavements. What do they expect the officers to do? Go down with a broom every time their dog feels the pressure in his bowels? In America every dog owner has to clean up after his pet has done the job. Same in Japan. Will the Indian citizen do that here? Hes right. We go to the polls to choose a government and after that forfeit all responsibility. We sit back wanting to be pampered and expect the government to do everything for us whilst our contribution is totally negative. We expect the government to clean up but we are not going to stop chucking garbage all over the place nor are we going to stop to pick a up a stray piece of paper and throw it in the bin. We expect the railways to provide clean bathrooms but we are not going to learn the proper use of bathrooms. We want Indian Airlines and Air India to provide the best of food and toiletries but we are not going to stop pilfering at the least opportunity. This applies even to the staff who is known not to pass on the service to the public. When it comes to burning social issues like those related to women, dowry, girl child and others, we make loud drawing room protestations and continue to do the reverse at home. Our excuse? Its the whole system which has to change, how will it matter if I alone forego my sons rights to a dowry. So whos going to change the system? What does a system consist of? Very conveniently for us it consists of our neighbors, other households, other cities, other communities and the government. But definitely not me and YOU. When it comes to us actually making a positive contribution to the system we lock ourselves along with our families into a safe cocoon and look into the distance at countries far away and wait for a Mr. Clean to come along work miracles for us with a majestic sweep of his hand. Or we leave the country and run away. Like lazy cowards hounded by our fears we run to America to bask in their glory and praise their system. When New York becomes insecure we run to England. When England experiences unemployment, we take the next flight out to the Gulf. When the Gulf is war struck, we demand to be rescued and brought home by the Indian government. Everybody is out to abuse and rape the country. Nobody thinks of feeding the system. Our conscience is mortgaged to money. Dear Indians, The article is highly thought inductive, calls for a great deal of introspection and pricks ones conscience too. I am echoing J. F. Kennedys words to his fellow Americans to relate to Indians.. ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR INDIA AND DO WHAT HAS TO BE DONE TO MAKE INDIA WHAT AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE TODAY Lets do what India needs from us.