Thursday, November 28, 2019

Yukio Mishima, The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Yukio Mishima, The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, trans. Ivan Morris. The Temple of the Golden Pavilion by Yukio Mishima was based on a real life incident. This particular incident happened in Japan in the year of 1950. It was by that time that the Zen temple of Kinkakuji was burned to the ground by one of their acolytes. Originally, the acolyte's plan was to die along with the temple but he changed his mind after seeing the fire. This is the main incident which Mishima used as the building block for his story. The protagonist in the story is Mizoguchi. He was studying so that he would one day become a Zen Buddhist monk in the temple. Mizoguchi became afflicted with an awful stammer. This particular affliction occurred after he witness his mother having a sexual intercourse with another man in front of his dying father. Mizoguchi is unattractive and his speech impediment only added more to his estrangement with others as was reflected on page 5 of the book (Mishima, p.5). Need essay sample on "Yukio Mishima, The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, trans. Ivan Morris." topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Beauty is one of the elements ever present in the story. Before his father died, he was able to bring Mizoguchi to the Golden Temple and it was upon seeing the temple that Mizoguchi started to cultivate his fixation with its beauty. The main reason why Mizoguchi wanted to be a monk is because he wants to live at the Golden temple so that he would be forever united with the temple's beauty. In spite of the fact that Mizoguchi consume most of his available time appreciating and admiring the temple's beauty, he still could not seem to find peace with himself. For him, the temple's beauty mocks and disturbs him since it is an attribute he could not hope to obtain. Students Very Often Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write paper for me? Essay writers suggest: Here Is Your Life Vest! Essay Company Best Website To Buy College Papers Essay Paper Writing Service Pay Someone To Write My Paper Cheap Self-hatred is also present in the story. Mizoguchi longs for beauty and purity which he could never obtain. Thus, in consequence he came to hate what the temple represents. Eventually, Mizoguchi scorns his very own identity and this is one of the reasons which forced him to do the horrible deed of burning the temple. At the early part of the story the temple served as a haven for him. However, later on the temple consumed him to the point that it always emerge in his thought. One particular example of this was when he went with Kashiwagi on a double date. While Mizoguchi was kissing his date visions of the temple appeared on his mind's eye and this compressed his sexual longings (Mishima). Nihilism is also ever present in the story. In school, Mizoguchi made friends with Kashiwagi. Kashiwagi strongly advocate the idea that knowledge alone could make one's life bearable. He conveyed this particular outlook in life to Mizoguchi by undermining the latter's belief in beauty and its purity. Mizoguchi's friendship with Kashigawa led to his poor performance in school. This in turn, made Mizoguchi all the more estranged from his life in the temple and it was then that he decided to set it on fire. It was only after burning the temple that Mizoguchi was able to know the real meaning of freedom and it was then that he experienced a great desperation to live. Nihilism basically refers to the idea that it is necessary to obliterate the old and bad for the advancement of new and good. Mishima implied that there are some theories in Zen Buddhism which justifies the annihilation of beautiful objects. One good example of this could be found on one Zen story "Nansen Kills a Cat". In the story, a Zen priest slaughters a furry cat so as to illustrate his aloofness from the glamour of beauty. In the story one could say that Mizoguchi was influenced by the infamous Zen commandment. This particular commandment states that once one meet the Buddha he ought to kill him. Only after doing the act could one achieve complete release. Thus, as could be seen Mizoguchi's action seems to be a rational extension of Zen's strain of the nihilistic attitude I earlier described in this paper. Works Cited Mishima, Yukio. The Temple of the Golden Pavilion. Vintage, 1994.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Influence of the Global Moment Essay Example

The Influence of the Global Moment Essay Example The Influence of the Global Moment Essay The Influence of the Global Moment Essay Western Area History Professor Klaus Dietrich July 15, 2014 The year 1919 has very significant meanings throughout the world history. It is because the World War One which took four years finally ended in November 1918. Germany surrendered to the Allies and a new world order was established under the Treaty of Versailles In 1919. Before the Great War, the almost whole Europe especially the Brittle Empire and France and also the united States and Japan which Is the first Asian nation were obsessed with the imperialism and the colonialism. It is because these countries needed a new land. After the Industrial Revolution, these countries experienced the excessive capital accumulation and the rapid population growth. Therefore, they needed a new market to export their capital surplus and a new territory for their overpopulation. Also, the Social Darwinism and the strengthened nationalism after Italian and German unification In 1861 and 1871 respectively justified their imperialism. Therefore, many Asia and Africa countries were their typical sacrifices. Korea and Poland were also the sacrifices. Both countries were under the control of other countries and Poland was colonized faster than Korea. Poland experienced three partitions in 1772, 1793 and 1795 by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Hapsburg Austria. The occupied Polish society looked different depended on the occupying nation. The area occupied by Russia was the 1830 and the January Uprising in 1863, brutal revenge followed by the Russian government. It tried to erase all traces of former Polish autonomy. For example, it changed the name of the Congress Pollards land into Fistula Land (Kara Individuals) and divided the kingdom into ten provinces. Also it banned the Polish language and Russian became the official language of the country. Only the area controlled by Austria was better than the others. The Austrian government allowed a certain local autonomy so the Poles in this area could have their own local government called Governor Commission (Osmosis Gubernatorial) which had a considerable power and Polish language was also accepted. However, all Poles have the same, single desire to achieve independence and unify the divided countries although they were controlled by different countries. On the other hand, in the late 19th century, the Korean Peninsula was ruled by the Jones dynasty. From 1800 the little children aged around 10 became the king continually and they could not manage the country very well. So internally there were many peasant uprisings continuously. The rebellion of Hong Geeing-Ana in 1811 and the peasant rebellion in Jinni in 1862 were typical examples. Many western countries coerced the Jones Dynasty to open the ports for trade but the Jones government was afraid that their ideology and social order which they had preserved with great effort by their ancestors would be destroyed by strange Westerners. It already had a conflict with the Roman Catholicism. It was introduced in Korea under the name of Western Learning (8%) after the late 18th century and brought shocking ideas such as the human equality and the refusal to carry out ancestral worship to the society. Nobles and the government who were deeply influenced by the Confucianism were hard to accept these ideas so they stuck to isolationism as their only measure to protect the country. In addition, the two Opium Wars between the Great Britain and the King Dynasty made the Someones door closed more tightly. However, this isolationism could not protect them unlike their expectation. It was Just a temporary expedient which made Jones fall behind international developments. As a result, the hermit Jones was unveiled forcibly by Japan and other imperialist countries. Jones was exposed to the world capitalistic market defenseless and eventually it was annexed by Japan in 1910. Toward the end of the World War One in 1918, people were totally exhausted with imperialism and disgusting wars. They wanted peace earnestly and Woodrow Willows Fourteen Points was good enough to satisfy the peoples desire. Wilson was the president of the United States and he presented the fourteen points in the Congress on the 8th of January, 1918 in order to make the fundamental principles for finishing the war and establishing a Justice and lasting peace. There are several reasons to say that Willows fourteen points succeeded in some degree. Firstly, the Fourteen Points helped the Allied Forces to win the World War One. Actually, the fact itself that the United States participated in the World War One was a tremendous assistance to the Allied Forces for sure. In addition, the points Justified and motivated he Allied Forces by censuring the German imperialism and the provocation. I think this Justification might be a mental supporter to help the Allied troops reassured and win. Also, Willows statement might succeed a little bit to persuade the German and the Austrian to cooperate to make the world peace together. Secondly, Willows foundation of the League of Nations. However, frankly speaking, the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations nominally spoke about the peace which was similar to Willows ideology, but both had a lot of weaknesses. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties. It was very important because it would decide the future of Germany after the war. However, the victorious countries were not interested in her future at all. It was not the promise for the peace based on reconciliation but revenge. It was a very harsh and humiliating treaty for Germany. Germany lost all the foreign investment, colonies and vessels but the most brutal article was about reparations. It cost 132 billion Marks which was an exorbitant amount of money. The Germans thought that it was too severe and unfair even though they prepared for humiliation and loss as the people of the defeated country. The peace treaty ironically became a seed of another revenge. Another problem is the League of Nations could not impose tough sanctions because it did not have its own army. So it could only imposed economic sanctions which were not enough to solve international disputes. As a result, the onset of the Second World War proved that the League did not do its role well. Even though both had a lot of weaknesses, at least the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the postwar stability and also the League of Nations had some meanings as the first international peace organization. Lastly, Willows Fourteen Points helped many countries achieve their independence or affected their independence movements a lot. We cannot talk about the Fourteen Points without the self-determination. I think self-determination is the most important vocabulary in his speech because it affected the world the most among the other principles such as open diplomacy and agreements, free trade with the equal terms of trade, reduced armaments and democracy. It had a special meaning because the self-determination in the points was not simply for finishing the war but for eliminating the original reasons of the war. Wilson tried not to simply focus on the balance of the power but to focus on the self-determination which means all countries should have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or interferences regardless of their power. He said, It is the principle of Justice to all peoples and nationalities and their right to live on equal terms of liberty and safety with one another, whether they be strong or weak. 2 It gave a huge hope not only to European countries but also to the colonial countries in Asia. In reality, many ethnic minorities dominated by Germany ND Austria established independent nations. To be specific, Poland, Finland, Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia), Hungary, Czechoslovakia and many other countries achieved independence. These are the three reasons why Willows Fourteen Points are important and a series of worldwide situations resulted from the points so that is why some people call the global moment of 1919 as the Wilson Moment. Now, let us look more deeply about Poland and Korea situation after the global moment. As I said before, Poland enjoyed the pleasure of independence after 123 years of partitions but it was not all pleasure. Most regions in Poland were destroyed because of the war and they were poor. Also it had a serious regional imbalance problem because three regions were under the control of different countries before unification. They had used different currencies and had different combine all together. The Second Polish Republic was created after the independence and JÂ ¶kef Pulaski became the chief of State. It was a parliamentary democracy with the president who had limited powers. The global moment brought independence and democracy to Poland but could not maintain the peace and democracy for a long time because of Pulaski. He wanted to recover the former territory of the kingdom of Poland so he started the Polish-Soviet War in 1919. In addition, other wars with neighboring countries were continued even after independence to decide the borderline. At the end, he seized the power by a military coup in 1926 so democracy ended in short. On the other hand, Korea could not achieve the independence because Korea was the colony of the victorious country, Japan. The Fourteen Points was only for colonies of defeated countries. That is why some people say that Koreans who believed that the Willows speech would bring hem independence were too naive or they did not understand the situation well. However, I think this is not true. Koreans already knew that they could not achieve the independence according to the Willows Fourteen Points, especially the Korean students studying in Tokyo who did 2. 8 Independence Declaration in 1919. However they attempted to extend the range of application to establish a foothold for independence. Willows Fourteen Points failed to give Korea independence directly but it is certain that it gave Korea a huge hope and possibility of independence. This name out as the most famous Korean independence movement, March 1st Movement in 1919 and after this movement, many things changed. Firstly, there was a huge transition of independence method. The independence movement was done by secret associations in sass, so participants were limited. However, after this movement, they began to accept diverse ideologies like democracy and socialism. So many people could participate in the movement and the activities became more various. Secondly, March 1st Movement changed the Japanese governance. Japanese government realized that the Forced Rule in sass was not proper to control the Koreans, so the government changed the rule to Cultural Rule which allowed Koreans to have limited freedom. Lastly, March 1st Movement influenced other countries such as Sandhogs campaigns for independence from the British Empire which is famous for nonviolent disobedience in India and also had effect on the May Fourth Movement in China. I think the global moment still have important meanings in Korean history because of the reasons above. It proved Koreans strength. They continued independence movements rather than giving up, even though their hope was disregarded by Western countries. In conclusion, the global moment influenced lot not only Poland and Korea but also the whole world after the World War One. Peoples fatigue and desire for the peace led to Willows Fourteen Points and his speech opened the global moment.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Accounting Information System in Companies in Australia Research Paper

Accounting Information System in Companies in Australia - Research Paper Example The increasing role of AIS in strategic decisions of companies has drawn the attention of management and researchers towards the role of AIS in companies. Toluyemi (1999) argues that accounting information is important for the management of an organisation just like any large stock holdings therefore, to make informed decisions through this information, it should be distinctively stored, updated, retrieved and disseminated. Shareia (2006) adopted a different approach and he studies the present and potential role of AIS in improving the developments in developing economies especially in Libya and he argues that to achieve the goal of developments in the countries like Libya, development and use of accounting information systems and assessment of the factors affecting them is important. Hall (2001 cited in Valdez, 2008) argues that accounting information system which is well organised will make everyday business relatively easier and more effective. Carlson and Parker (1998) emphasises on the importance of computerised accounting information systems in success of businesses and argues that average number of companies facing computer outage for ten years will never fully recover and fifty percent of them are out of business within five years. Sajady, Dastgir & Nejad (2008) studied the role of accounting information systems in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and found that AIS improved internal controls, decision making, companies’ transactions and quality of financial reporting.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Eng lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Eng lit - Essay Example The attempt to "absorb America" that Deveare speaks of is perhaps impossible because of the sheer range of peoples, experiences and ideas that exist within it. But perhaps that very impossibility is an example of the success of the project. Thus is a person thinks that they have encapsulated the American experience and can hold it all within their viewpoint, they are bound to be excluding some groups and ideas that are not easy to absorb. A true absorbing of what it means to "be" American will involve a dizzying mixture of experiences which will overwhelm any one individual. The through-line which holds these selections together is the fact, paradoxically, that they are so different from one another. They hold a commonality of difference. But that difference is perhaps the best descriptor of the genuine American experience. "I sit down to write something of the life and character of Joaquin Murieta, a man as remarkable in the annals of crime as any of the renowned robbers of the Old or New World, who have preceded him." (p.1) The idea that a Mexican could be as "renowned" in anything as a white man, even in the dubious distinction of being an outlaw, was novel at the time this account was written. In many ways Ridge's account of the actions of Murieta contributed to the outlaw bandit image of the border states more than anything else. There is something Romantic to this hero, something which has remained to the present day. "I do this not for the purpose of contributing to any depraved taste for the dark and horrible in human action, but rather to contribute my mite to those materials out of which the early history of California shall one day be composed." Of course this appeal to "depraved tasted" is precisely what Ridge is doing. This quotation is useful because the legend and myths of such outlaws are as much a part of early American history as any of the lives of politicians. The mythology of the west is as important as the reality, indeed, it becomes part of the reality whether it is true or not. Harte, The Luck of Roaring Camp and Other Writings "There was commotion in Roaring Camp. It could not have been a fight, for in 1850 that was not novel enough to have called together the entire settlement. The ditches and claims were not only deserted, but "Tuttle's grocery" had contributed its gamblers, who, it will be remembered, calmly continued their game the day that French Pete and Kanaka Joe shot each other to death over the bar in the front room." (p.1) The myth of the violence of the American West, like many national myths, is based at least partly upon reality. This memorable opening shows the innate humor that could be gained from a community that is so violent that it barely notices two men shooting each other to death in a bar. In one sense, this quotation supports the great Hollywood Western myth that the whole of the West was made up of lawless towns in which coffins for the day's shooting deaths were lined up every day. "The assemblage numbered about a hundred men. One or two of these were actual fugitives from justice, some were criminal, and all were reckless. Physically they exhibited no indication of their past lives and character. The greatest scamp had a Raphael face, with a profusion of blonde

Monday, November 18, 2019

Financial analysis and modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial analysis and modelling - Essay Example 75661.1 and the SS value is 609526983.2), The Co-efficient values illustrates that all the variables are directly related that means with the increase in Store Size the Profits will also increase, and this is the case with the Clothing Sales and the Non-clothing Sales. It can also be stated that the Clothing Sales are the least related variable among the rest of two variables and can be neglected in order to achieve more accurate and realistic results. h) The R-Square value represents the closeness of the values to the regression line; in the result of this regression analysis the R-Square value is 0.985 which illustrates that the values are closely fitted. This also shows that the variations in any one of the variables (i.e. No-clothing Sales and Store Size) may cause a positive or negative affect of 98.5%. The value of Clothing Sales is ignored as it is not in the significant region and will not affect the overall outcome. i) The P-values indicates the significance values that whether the variable(s) (the independent ones) affect the dependent one(s) or the overall regression analysis. In the regression analysis the P-Values of Non-clothing Sales and Store Size are significant at the 5% significance level. The net present value is the sum of all net cash flows expected from a project over a period of projection (Needles, Powers, & Crosson, 2010). In this case three years projections have been considered for two projects X and Y. The NPV of Project X is negative i.e. less than zero therefore this project should not accepted. On the other hand, Project Y has a positive NPV value i.e. more than zero over a three-year projection period therefore Project Y should be accepted (Moyer, McGuigan, Rao, & Kretlow, 2011). C. Monte Carlo Simulation allows multiples values of an asset or investment based on certain sensitivity or scenario analysis. It allows businesses to prepare better by evaluating the outcome of a project or investment by knowing the possible output

Friday, November 15, 2019

Leadership Styles And Their Role As A Strategic Manager Business Essay

Leadership Styles And Their Role As A Strategic Manager Business Essay INTRODUCTION:- This study is based on leadership styles and their role as a strategic manager and impact of these leadership styles on the overall performance of the organization. Through this study, we will also come to know that how different kinds of leadership style are adopted by strategic managers to attain their organizational goals and prospective. LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP:- Leaders are the persons who actually made strategies for the company. They set objective, goals and future prospectus of the company. They are dealing as a strategic manager and leader at the same time. In other words they are the major stakeholders due to heavy investment in business. After making strategies, leaders forward their decision to their subordinate team members and they make strategies how to achieve those goals. LITERATURE REVIEW:- a leader is someone who exercises influence over other people. (Huczynski and Buchanan,1933) Leadership is a lifting of people vision to a higher sight, the raising of their performance toa higher standard, the building of their personality beyond its normal limitations (P.F.Drucker,2001) the leader must have infective optimism. The final test of a leader is the feeling you have when you leave presence after a conference. Have you a feeling of uplift and confidence? (Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, 1956) In 1986 Peters and Austin highlighted the characteristics of leaders and also compared it with managers (Non-Leaders). LEADERS MANAGERS Provide necessities to people Provide consultancy/solutions to everyone. Flexible to adjust among people Dont put their selves into formalities Provide solution at doorstep Work more than others Keep in contact with everyone Listen everyone Easily access by common people Fair dealing with all Make good decisions Dont make any discrimination Happy to deal with tough problems of people Persistent to outcome Provide simplify directions Tolerance in attitude Make close relations with people Strong faith He trusts people Ambassador of people for critical issues Dont waste time on unproductive works Dont like to praise himself by others Takes blame for any mistake Happy to give credit/reward to others Provide effective feedback to improve efficiency Good command on business and getting work by employees Dont get into formal discussion Happy to work under pressure One face person Open minded Try to reduce paperwork environment Encourage own staff to be promoted Make promises and honour these Dont have luxury office Priority is companys success Dont shy to learn from mistakes Supervise more people Give instructions to employees about work Dont happy to live among people Put himself into formalities Staff cannot access him easily Work less than others Dont like to get involve with inferior groups Good communication skills Biased among employees Seek support by groups Overconfident Good command to dodge people Hesitate to take decisions Mostly confused Having less patience Does not create close relations with people More flexible for seniors Create paper environment Holds decisions and information Waste time on un-related works and sources Prominent Keen to find culprits Always find ways to take credit Always search information Biased while assigning work Hatred to all staff members Evaluate business for his/her benefit only Try to find out new ways to handle employees Write lengthy formal letters equivocates hold tactics to handle situation have mysterious life style involve more paperwork find better alternatives in other organizations lack of making promising seeking for luxury office give priority to him/her self scare to find and learn from mistakes Leadership and management are key players of an organization. Both play a tremendous role in the progression of the company. The below are some key features of leadership and management working together to achieve strategic objectives. Vision Strategy:- Leaders define vision and make strategy for future goals and prospective. But on the hand, it is the responsibility of manager to make strategy to attain vision set by leaders. He has to look after all the operational activities of the organization and make staff more productive and efficient. Change and stability:- Whenever leaders feel, they bring changes in organizations and managers arrange stability in changing environment of organization and make tasks more smooth and optimistic. Energizing and monitoring:- Leadership boost up employees to improve their performance and the manager keep an eye on employees performance and utilize human resources in best possible way. To be a successful company, it involves managers and leaders at the same time. But manager should be leader and leaders dont have to inevitably be manager. National council for education in Management leadership published a research project under the title of leadership development: best practice guide for organizations (2001). in this publication, they highlighted nine principles of best practices under three heading. STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES:- Leadership development, to be effective, must be driven from the top with specialist support. It should be designed to support and drive the business, cultural differences and different approaches to development. STRATEGIC CHOICES:- An articulated framework for career development. Variable amounts of formal and informal development. Grow your own senior people or hire them in. The value of competency frameworks and performance management. Retention and reward strategies. EVALUATION:- An explicit and shared evaluation process:- Now a days, organization we find different people withholding different kind of powers. They perform their duties but they act of behalf of leaders of the company. They use power to be more productive and result oriented. There are five kind of powers we find in most of the organisation. Legitimate power:- The person who holds this kind of power is because of his/her position in organization. Coercive power:- This type of power mostly production managers hold because they use it to control people and produce result according to set schedule. Reward power:- Leader has the ability to give benefits and rewards to result oriented employees. Expert power:- These people enjoy power because of their skills, expertise and knowledge. They also treated in organization as benchmark. Referent power:- There are some people who have desirable resources and qualities. ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP STYLES ON STRATEGIC DECISIONS SABRI GROUP OF COMPANIES Sabri group of companies was established in 1960 and now it has largest distribution networks in signage media all over Pakistan. It is one of the most diversified businesses in Pakistan. This is also the first company in Pakistan who fixed manufacturing flex substrate plant. Organizational chart http://sabrigroup.pk/ LEADERSHIP AND MANAGERIAL STYLE IN SGC:- It is very settled organizational structure. Although it is a family business and the most eldest person is assumed to be the main decision maker of the organization especially when heavy amount of funds are required. If we analyse the structure of Sabri Group of Companies (SGC), then we realized that it fits in one of the structural form of Henry Mintzberg which is Simple Structure. Small companies operate like this structure and SGC is one of them. Owner his self makes most of the main decisions but he also gets consent of his team managers. By having this simple structure, management can respond quickly to any problem. Although it is not very big organization but it has established its decision making structure. Their decision making structure is involved the following principles; Extent of control Centralization Dissect ion of labour Departmentalization By having extent of control, the total number of people will be determined according to the size of the work so they can be effectively managed. All subordinates have been assigned their tasks and they perform their daily tasks according to given format. This activity leads to little interaction between employees and supervisor and supervisor can supervise more employees in same time. All the staff members have been assigned their tasks and jobs very clearly and they perform their work more effectively and well organized way. As management needed, it assigned some departmentalization tasks and people having same kind of skills in one department work together. They also share their experiences and learn from others. TASK 2 A VISION OF LEADERSHIP TEAM WORK AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP:- Management observed that market is going to very diversified and versatile then it decided to go for diversification. It took very bold decision and decided to launch new brands and it also rebranded all its existing products. By analysing future growth, company took this step and company put pressure to team members to product positive results. THE PERSUASIVE:- As company has taken the decision at its own; now it felt that it has to motivate its team members to produce good results. It put a lot of efforts to share its vision and future prospective with employees. Without having a clear picture of companys objectives, team members cannot produce as per desired level. THE CONSULTATIVE:- Although leader has to authority to take final decision. But it seems to be looking better to get consent from other team members. By this exercise, the morale of the whole team gets high and everyone feels proud to be a part of new strategic decision. These activities also result in to develop nurturing self-esteem, developing mutual trust, inviting participating. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP:- This organizations leadership strategies are very much close to democratic leadership. While launching new or revise existing policies or deciding to go for diversification, it discusses with its group/ team members and get their consent. All the team members play a very vital role to attain the future prospective of the company because all know the importance and worth of these prospective. Through this company cant only come out with effective decision and policies but also it know the implementation of the decision? All members have already taken precautions and threats to attain this target. All the group members become very much enthusiastic and perform in positive ways. Everyone feels that his act is very important to company thats why his sense of responsibility increases and perform for the betterment of the company. SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP:- According to situation and importance of the task, leaders appointed other persons as a leader for a specific task. By doing this, not only they handle situation with very positive way but also they set examples for other that they can also lead other people if they have the ability to do so. MIAN MUHAMMAD MANSHA YAHA FROM PAKISTAN He has established 40 companies. He owns the Muslim Commercial Bank is also setting up a $ 17m paper mill. He is one of the richest Pakistanis around. NISHAT GROUP It is a group which established and developed by Mian Mansha. Nishat group is a leading organization which is serving in Textiles, Cement and Financial Services. It has assets of over Rs.300 billion (US$ 5 billion), it is also one of the top five leading companies of Pakistan. It has the privilege to be largest and trend setter player in each sector stated above. Common goal:- Nishat group has established group of people who work for them. They clearly shared their vision and goals with team members. They prepared them so well to accomplish task collectively. Broad knowledge and prospective:- All team members of this company are very skilled persons. They use their skills to make task easier and also share ideas for future tasks. All persons are very supportive to each other. Improved return on change investment:- They are very innovative persons and in true sense they are the key players for implementing strategies. They always in search of finding ways and means to make positive change in organization. They also seek ways to reduce companys investment and use current resources in better ways. Better use of facts and data:- Team members effectively use available facts and data in very efficient manners and make realistic policies. They try to reduce hypothecation environment. They use data as reference and make future strategies accordingly. Faster response to challenge and opportunities:- They are very flexible to modify themselves according to situation. They are happier to face new challenges and enjoy opportunities. In their opinion it is a way to enhance and utilize our interpersonal skills. Not only they work for productivity of company but also at the same time they grow themselves. Bring solution:- They are the actual representatives of leaders. They always bring solutions rather than contacting leaders and seeking for solution. It is their duty to handle situation without wastage of time. The progress of company is very much dependant on their turns. Behavioural approach:- The leadership of this company is very much close to behavioural approach because most of the decisions are based on real time situations and leaders are keen to solve problems by interacting others. Leadership is also interested to understand other people behaviour and convert it for productive purpose. It may be related to interpersonal skills by directing and providing them proper training. Leaders proof themselves as roll model and motivate employees to be like them. Management grid:- Task orientation:- Management is very much concerned about its tasks completion and productivity. They have zero tolerance in this regard. People orientation:- This organization knows the importance of teams members and it tries to establish very good relation with its co-workers / managers. Sometimes it get involved with its staff members by creating emotional environment and giving them thought that they are the main key players for the organization and people work as its their own company. This organization is the mix of different kind of leadership styles. Top management changes its leadership style according to the need of the company. KEY TASKS OF CORPORATE LEADERS:- Sharing vision and objectives:- Mian Mansha has developed a team who works according to his vision and action plan. Although his prospective is very broad but he shared and explained it with his team members to make it more effective and realistic. Determining and overseeing the courses of action:- He does no let people free to do all the tasks at their own. He also evaluate all the tasks and give opinion on them. He also help subordinates to make their action plan more effective and efficient. Leading a continuous organization process:- Being the leader of the organization, he gets involve themselves in all the processes of the organization. He is a keen researcher to dig out methods to improve procedures. Promote and Manage valuable knowledge:- He is very much concern about managing employees. He encourages and promotes efficient employees. He has made retention policies for productive employees. Achieving a quality of life in the organisation:- He tries to develop quality culture in his organization. He believes that quality culture leads to produce quality employees. Although it is not easy to establish quality environment within organization but he still treat it at priority. Partridge observed (1989, p205) that Managerial work across all levelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is characterised by pace, brevity, variety, and fragmentationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is hectic and fragmented, requiring the ability to shift continuously from relationship to relationship, from topic to topic, from problem to problem. THE FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT:- Every management has 5 main functions to establish. If he/she successfully develop these areas then they are on right track towards their goals. Planning Organising Commanding Co-ordinating Controlling MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO):- This idea developed by Peter Drucker (1940s and 1950s) and he stated this in his book the practice of management (1955). Setting objective for the organisation Organizing the work Motivating the employee Job measurement Developing people Set out their clean objectives Make plans to enable objectives Implement those plans Monitor and evaluate WHY DO LEADERS ADOPT DIFFERENT STYLES? In 1976, F.Fielder argued that it is easier to change someones role or power, or to modify the job he has to do, than to change his leadership style. P. Hersey and K.H. Blanchard argued that A leaders strategy should not only take account of the situation, but also thee maturity of those who are led. The leaders have TASK BEHAVIOUR OR RELATIIONSHIP BEHAVIOUR. On the following grounds, leaders decided that which leadership sytle they have to use. Delegating Participating Selling Telling Wright and Taylor in 1984, developed a checklist to help leaders to improve employee performance. What is the problem? It is the responsibility of leaders to take necessary action to find out the problem. It should be considered the know the background of problems then get some solution. Is it serious enough to spend time on? Management evaluate problems then take actions accordingly. If management find out to solve this problem is useful for company and it is not wastage of time then they treat it as most important task and solve it as early as possible. Because employee performance is directly related to production. What reasons may there be for the problem? How can it be solved? They also highlighted some alternatives for the problems solving and implement one best to fit it. Evaluating of the leaders performance:- There is also a need to evaluate leaders performance. Because they also have to assess their selves with the passage of time. They develop strategies to grow and establish themselves. They are the persons who create directions for whole organization. Emotional intelligence:- Companies conduct 360 degree of employees before sending him/her on any training. As companies know their employees better ways then they motivate their values, and goals. Their goals should be settled in encouraging environment and there should be supportive policies to attain personal goals and objectives. There is also a need to provide models to employees to enhance their interpersonal skills and increase morale. According to Daniel Goleman, emotional intelligence is The capacity or recognising our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships. The ability to perceive, to integrate, to understand and reflectively manage ones own and other peoples feelings. (John D.Mayer, quoted in people Management (28 october 1999):49) BOOKS REFERENCE Business studies as level, third edition, by Dave Hall, Rob Jones, Carlo Raffo, edited by Lan Chambers and Dave Gray 2004,2005 Build your own rainbow, by Barrie Hopson and Mike Scally,3rd edition, 1984 Business studies now for GCSE, second edition, by Karen Borrington and Peter Stimpson, 2002 Cultivate a cool career, by Ken Langdon, 2004 Business the ultimate resource, A Bloomsbury reference book, created from the Bloomsbury business database, 2002 Business studies, by Peter Stimpson, 2002 Introduction to management by Tony Dawson, 1998 Learning and development, by Rosemary Harrison, fourth edition, 2005 Leadership coaching by Graham lee, 2003 Managing for results, 2nd edition by Gillian Watson and Kevin Gallagher, 2005 Managing your time by Julie-Ann Amos, 1998 Management skills by Patricia Buhler, 2001 Management by Stephen P. Robbins Mary Coulter, 7th edition, 2001 Management and organisational behaviour by Laurie J Mullins, sixth edition, 2002 Management development strategies and action by Alan Mumford and Jeff Gold, 4th edition, 2004 Modern business administration by Robert C Appleby, 6th edition, 1994 Managing activities by Tina Stephens and Richard Pettinger, 2005 Operations and quality management by hodder and Stoughton, 1999 Putting the one minute manager to work by Kenneth Blanchard Robert Lorber, 1994 Personal effectiveness, by Diana Winstanley, 2005 Time management by Polly Bird, 2008 Time management and personal development by John Adair and Melanie Allen, 1999 The six sigma leader, by Peter S.Pande, 2007 ONLINE REFERENCES http://www.nishatpak.com/history-and-development.html (24-03-2011,16:41) http://www.buzzvines.com/pakistans-super-rich-people (24-03-2011,16:39) http://sabrigroup.pk/(24-03-2011:15:47) http://worldwork.biz/legacy/www/downloads/Personal_Development_Plan.pdf (08-03-2011:13:01) https://online.businesslink.gov.uk/Horizontal_Services_files/PDPSample.pdf (08-03-2011, 13:00) http://www.diycommitteeguide.org/article/monitoring-and-evaluation (26-03-2011; 11:48) http://www.umanitoba.ca/student/u1/lac/media/Learning-Styles-06.pdf (26-03-2011; 13:26)

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Universal Healthcare Essay -- Healthcare Health Insurance

Introduction Universal Healthcare is a system under which basic health needs can be paid by a single government payer. Basic health care needs include treatment for urgent, emergent, preventative, reconstructive, routine, and chronic care. The United States is the only wealthy and industrialized country that does not universal health care, however, does have a publicly funded government health care program for the elderly, disabled, military service, and veterans. Programs like these only cover one quarter of the U.S. population. Universal healthcare can be thought as similar to a single-pay health care system. Single-payer health care is an American term that describes payment for doctors, hospitals and other providers for health care from a single funding source. Under the single payer system, doctors’ practices and hospital may remain private and negotiate payments with the government. How does the System Work? Most countries implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation. Legislation and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis. Usually some costs are paid by the patient but are subsidized by direct taxation and compensated to the patient to some extent either directly by the government or by some form of compulsory insurance. Why is it Important? It is predicted that by the year 2010 close to 52 million Americans will be without any health care coverage. As of 2004 nearly... ...premiums cost that American workers have to pay every year. Workers who are assured with their benefits will not feel obligated to choose their favorite career to pursue, and their employers don’t have to worry about the high workers’ health insurance cost and not raise their employees’ wages. Moreover, Children of low income family are guaranteed to be protected. Private insurers still exists as a choice for people who can afford their premiums and prefer the plan they are currently having. Although this might cost an increase of income tax, the benefit it brings in improving the citizens health care protection and reducing the unnecessary premium cost will in fact help the economy to function more efficiently.